Formance Review Mozart Eine Klein Nachtmusik 3rd Mvt Performance Review

Composition for a chamber ensemble by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Eine kleine Nachtmusik ^[a] (Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major), Thousand. 525, is a 1787 composition for a sleeping accommodation ensemble by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The German championship means "a little night music".^[b] The work is written for an ensemble of two violins, viola, cello and double bass, but is frequently performed past cord orchestras.^[iii]

Limerick, publication, and reception [edit]

The serenade was completed in Vienna on 10 August 1787,^[3] effectually the time Mozart was working on the second act of his opera Don Giovanni.^[4] It is non known why it was equanimous.^[five] Wolfgang Hildesheimer, noting that most of Mozart's serenades were written on commission, suggests that this serenade, too, was a committee, whose origin and kickoff performance were not recorded.^[6]

The traditionally used proper noun of the piece of work comes from the entry Mozart fabricated for information technology in his personal itemize, which begins, "Eine kleine Nacht-Musik".^[c] As Zaslaw and Cowdery point out, Mozart almost certainly was not giving the slice a special title, but only inbound in his records that he had completed a piddling serenade.^[7]

The work was non published until about 1827, long later on Mozart's death, by Johann André in Offenbach am Principal.^[three] It had been sold to this publisher in 1799 by Mozart's widow Constanze, part of a large bundle of her hubby'south compositions.

Today, the serenade is widely performed and recorded; indeed, both Jacobson and Hildesheimer opine that the serenade is the near popular of all Mozart's works.^{[6] [viii]} Of the music, Hildesheimer writes, "fifty-fifty if we hear it on every street corner, its high quality is undisputed, an occasional piece from a low-cal simply happy pen."^[6]

Movements [edit]

The work has four movements:

1. Allegro (G major – D major – Ambiguous key – One thousand major)
2. Romanze: Andante (C major)
3. Menuetto: Allegretto (G major, with trio in D major)
4. Rondo: Allegro (Grand major – D major – Cryptic key – 1000 minor – K major)

I. Allegro [edit]

	Performed by the Advent Bedroom Orchestra
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This kickoff move is in sonata-allegro form. It opens with an ascending Mannheim rocket theme. The 2d theme is more svelte and in D major, the dominant central of M major. The exposition closes in D major and is repeated. The evolution department begins on D major and touches on D small-scale and C major earlier the work returns to Thou major for the recapitulation.

The kickoff theme

II. Romanze: Andante [edit]

The 2nd movement, with the tempo marked Andante, is a Romanze in the subdominant central of C major. It is in rondo grade, taking the shape A–B–A–C–A plus a last coda. The keys of the sections are C major for A and B, C pocket-size for C. The center appearance of A is truncated, consisting of only the first half of the theme. Daniel Heartz describes the movement as evoking gavotte rhythm: each of its sections begins in the eye of the measure out, with a double upbeat.^[9]

[edit]

The third move, marked Allegretto, is a minuet and trio, both in ³
₄ time. The minuet is in the domicile key of One thousand major, the contrasting trio in the dominant fundamental of D major. Every bit is normal in this form, the minuet is played again da capo following the trio.

Four. Rondo: Allegro [edit]

The 4th and concluding movement is in lively tempo, marked Allegro; the key is again Thousand major. The movement is written in sonata form. Mozart specifies repeats non but for the exposition section just besides for the post-obit evolution and recapitulation section. The recapitulation's first theme is unusual considering merely its last ii bars return in the parallel small-scale. The work ends with a long coda.

[edit]

In the catalog entry mentioned above, Mozart listed the work as having 5 movements ("Allegro – Minuet and Trio – Romance – Minuet and Trio – Finale.").^[vii] The second motility in his listing — a minuet and trio — was long thought lost, and no ane knows if Mozart or someone else removed it. In his 1984 recording, Christopher Hogwood used a minuet of Thomas Attwood (institute in his sketchbooks used while he took lessons from Mozart), and an additional newly composed trio to substitute the missing movement. Musicologist Alfred Einstein suggested, however, that a minuet in the Piano Sonata in B ♭ major, Yard. 498a, is the missing movement.^[x] K. 498a, which is credited to the composer August Eberhard Müller, incorporates significant amounts of Mozart's work in the course of reworkings of material from the piano concertos One thousand. 450, K. 456, and K. 595, leading Einstein to suggest that the minuet in Müller'south sonata might be an arrangement of the missing motility from Eine kleine Nachtmusik.^{[ citation needed ]}

In 1971, this movement was incorporated into a recording of the work prepared by the musicologist and performer Thurston Sprint.^[11] In 1989, the minuet and trio of K. 498a was again recorded every bit part of an arrangement of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik made past Jonathan Del Mar for Nimbus Records.^[12]

Run into also [edit]

• Parodies by Peter Schickele:
  • Eine kleine Nichtmusik
  • A Lilliputian Nightmare Music

Notes and references [edit]

Notes

1. ^ High german pronunciation: [ˈaɪnə ˈklaɪnə ˈnaxtmuˌziːk].
2. ^ See "Nachtmusik"^[1] and "Notturno"^[2] entries in Grove Music Online.
3. ^ The full entry reads (in German) "Eine kleine Nachtmusik, bestehend in einem Allegro.Menuett und Trio.–Romance.Menuett und Trio, und Finale.–ii violini, viola e bassi."; "A trivial serenade, consisting of an allegro, a minuet and trio, a romance, [some other] minuet and trio, and a finale. For two violins, viola, and bass instruments." Mozart'due south "incipit" (quotation for identification purposes) consists of the start 2 bars of the first motion. The catalog is posted at the web site Archived xix October 2012 at the Wayback Machine of the British Library.

References

1. ^ Unverricht & Eisen 2001a.
2. ^ Unverricht & Eisen 2001b.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Holoman 1992, p. 397.
4. ^ Einstein 1962, p. 206.
5. ^ Holoman 1992, p. 398.
6. ^ ^{a b c} Hildesheimer 1991, p. 215.
7. ^ ^{a b} Zaslaw & Cowdery 1991, p. 250.
8. ^ Jacobson 2003, p. 38.
9. ^ Heartz 2009, p. 185.
10. ^ Einstein 1962, p. 207.
11. ^ Dart 1971.
12. ^ Goodman.

Sources

• Dart, Thurston (1971) Chamber Music by Mozart at Discogs (list of releases)
• Einstein, Alfred (1962). Mozart, His Grapheme, His Work . Translated by Arthur Mendel, Nathan Broder. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-500732-9. OCLC 31827291.
• Goodman, Roy. "Mozart, Eine kleine Nachtmusic". Nimbus Records. NI7023. Archived from the original on 26 Apr 2009.
• Heartz, Daniel (2009). Mozart, Haydn and Early Beethoven, 1781–1802. New York: Westward. Due west. Norton.
• Hildesheimer, Wolfgang (1991). Mozart. Translated by Marion Faber. Macmillan. ISBN0-374-52298-7.
• Holoman, D. Kern (1992). Evenings with the orchestra: a Norton companion for concertgoers . Westward. W. Norton & Company. ISBN0-393-02936-0.
• Jacobson, Julius H. (2003). The Classical Music Experience: Notice the Music of the Earth's Greatest Composers . Vol. 2. narrated by Kevin Kline. Sourcebooks. ISBN1-57071-950-0.
• Unverricht, Hubert; Eisen, Cliff (2001a). "Nachtmusik (Ger.: 'nighttime music')". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.commodity.19524.
• Unverricht, Hubert; Eisen, Cliff (2001b). "Notturno (It.: 'nocturnal')". Grove Music Online. doi:x.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20135.
• Zaslaw, Neal; Cowdery, William (1991). The Compleat Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Norton. ISBN0-393-02886-0.

External links [edit]

• Serenade in K. Eine kleine Nachtmusik KV 525: Score and disquisitional report (in German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
• Eine kleine Nachtmusik: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
• Performance of Eine kleine Nachtmusik by A Far Cry from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eine_kleine_Nachtmusik

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